It involves the installation of flexible or resilient materials between the foundation (base) of the structure and the ground, effectively decoupling the superstructure from the ground motion.
Common materials used for base isolation include rubber bearings, laminated elastomeric bearings, or friction pendulum bearings.
Base isolators are special engineering devices used in earthquake zones to protect buildings from damage during earthquakes. They essentially act as shock absorbers for structures, isolating them from the shaking ground.
There are two main types of base isolators:
1.Elastomeric bearings: These are the most common type and are made of thick layers of rubber vulcanized between steel plates. They function by deflecting horizontally during an earthquake, lengthening the building’s vibration period and reducing the forces transmitted to it.
2.Friction pendulum bearings (FPBs): These isolators use a curved sliding surface and a pendulum effect to create a restoring force and dissipate energy through friction.
Main dynamic effects of base isolation on the super structure includes:
(1) increasing the natural period of the structure
(2) decreasing acceleration responses, as well as inter-story displacements.
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