Sart is a name for the settled inhabitants of Central Asia and the Middle East, which has had shifting meanings over the centuries. Sarts, known sometimes as Ak-Sart in ancient times, did not have any particular ethnic identification, and were usually (though not always) town-dwellers. Since the 16th century and onward Mughal historians referred to the Tajiks of the Kabulistan (now Afghanistan) and surrounding regions as Sarts.[1]
There are several theories about the origin of the term. It may be derived from the Sanskrit "sarthavaha" (merchant, caravan leader), a term supposedly used by nomads to describe towndwellers. It may be a corruption of the Sogdian ethnonym "Soghd."
The earliest known use of the term is in the 1070 Turkic text Kutadgu Bilig ("Blessed Knowledge in which it refers to the settled population of Kashgaria.Then, the term apparently referred to all settled Muslims of Central Asia, regardless of language.
Rashid-al-Din Hamadani in the Jami' al-Tawarikh writes that Genghis Khan commanded for Arslan Khan, prince of the Muslim Turkic Karluks, to be given the title "Sartaqtai", which he considered to be synonymous with "Tajik<
...Ещё
There are several theories about the origin of the term. It may be derived from the Sanskrit "sarthavaha" (merchant, caravan leader), a term supposedly used by nomads to describe towndwellers. It may be a corruption of the Sogdian ethnonym "Soghd."
The earliest known use of the term is in the 1070 Turkic text Kutadgu Bilig ("Blessed Knowledge in which it refers to the settled population of Kashgaria.Then, the term apparently referred to all settled Muslims of Central Asia, regardless of language.
Rashid-al-Din Hamadani in the Jami' al-Tawarikh writes that Genghis Khan commanded for Arslan Khan, prince of the Muslim Turkic Karluks, to be given the title "Sartaqtai", which he considered to be synonymous with "Tajik" (It is possible,however, that Rashid al-din, who was Persian, misunderstood the meaning of this, as "Sartaqtai" was the name of one of the Genghis Khan's sons).
A 13th-century Mongolian source, "Secret History of the Mongols", states that the Mongols called people from Central Asia, most notably Khwarezm, "Sartuul". "Sar" in Mongolian means "moon" so sart or sarta would mean "ones with (flag with) moon" since the Muslims had Hilal symbol on their flags. One of the Mongolian tribes living in the Zavkhan province is made up of descendants of merchants from Khwarezm who resided in Harhorin and is still called Sartuul.
In the post-Mongol period we find that Ali Sher Nawa'i refers to the Iranian people as "Sart Ulusi" (Sart Ulus, i.e. Sart people), and for him "Sart tili" (Sart language) was a synonym for the Persian language. Similarly, when Babur refers to the people of Margelan as "Sarts", it is in distinction to the people of Andijan who are Turks, and it is clear that by this he means Persian-speakers. He also refers to the population of the towns and villages of the vilayat of Kabul as "Sarts".
Although historically speaking the Uzbeks were descended from tribes which arrived in the region with Shaibani Khan in the 16th century, Sarts belonged to older settled groups. It seems that, in Khorezm at least, Sarts spoke a form of Persianised Oghuz Turkic while Uzbeks spoke a Kipchak dialect closer to Kazakh. In Fergana the Sarts spoke a Karluk dialect that was very close to Uyghur and is believed to be the earlier dialect of modern Uzbek.
Zamon zayli bilan O'rta Osiyodagi o'troq halq bilan qoni aralashib ketgan ko'chmanchilar va hozirgi paytda qaysi qabilaviy yo'nalishdan kelib chiqishini unutgan har qanday millat vakili Sart deb ataladi . Hozirda bu hech qaysi millatga bog'liqligi qolmagan.
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Sart is a name for the settled inhabitants of Central Asia and the Middle East, which has had shifting meanings over the centuries. Sarts, known sometimes as Ak-Sart in ancient times, did not have any particular ethnic identification, and were usually (though not always) town-dwellers. Since the 16th century and onward Mughal historians referred to the Tajiks of the Kabulistan (now Afghanistan) and surrounding regions as Sarts.[1]
There are several theories about the origin of the term. It may be derived from the Sanskrit "sarthavaha" (merchant, caravan leader), a term supposedly used by nomads to describe towndwellers. It may be a corruption of the Sogdian ethnonym "Soghd."
The earliest known use of the term is in the 1070 Turkic text Kutadgu Bilig ("Blessed Knowledge in which it refers to the settled population of Kashgaria.Then, the term apparently referred to all settled Muslims of Central Asia, regardless of language.
Rashid-al-Din Hamadani in the Jami' al-Tawarikh writes that Genghis Khan commanded for Arslan Khan, prince of the Muslim Turkic Karluks, to be given the title "Sartaqtai", which he considered to be synonymous with "Tajik<
...ЕщёThere are several theories about the origin of the term. It may be derived from the Sanskrit "sarthavaha" (merchant, caravan leader), a term supposedly used by nomads to describe towndwellers. It may be a corruption of the Sogdian ethnonym "Soghd."
The earliest known use of the term is in the 1070 Turkic text Kutadgu Bilig ("Blessed Knowledge in which it refers to the settled population of Kashgaria.Then, the term apparently referred to all settled Muslims of Central Asia, regardless of language.
Rashid-al-Din Hamadani in the Jami' al-Tawarikh writes that Genghis Khan commanded for Arslan Khan, prince of the Muslim Turkic Karluks, to be given the title "Sartaqtai", which he considered to be synonymous with "Tajik" (It is possible,however, that Rashid al-din, who was Persian, misunderstood the meaning of this, as "Sartaqtai" was the name of one of the Genghis Khan's sons).